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Latest Windows Server Administrator Interview Questions and Answers 1) Differentiate between NTFS & FAT.NTFS is the current file system used by Windows. It offers features like security permissions (tolimit other users’ access to folders), quotas (so one user can’t fill up the disk), shadowing (backingup) and many other features that help Windows.FAT32 is the older Microsoft filesystem, primarily used by the Windows 9X line and Window could beinstalled on a FAT32 parition up to XP. In comparision, FAT32 offers none of what was mentionedabove, and also has a maximum FILE (not folder) size of 4GB, which is kind of small these days,especially in regards to HD video.2) What Is VOIP.VOIP Short for Voice Over Internet Protocol, a category of hardware and software that enablespeople to use the Internet as the transmission medium for telephone calls by sending voice data inpackets using IP rather than by traditional circuit transmissions.3) What is loop back.Loopback address is 127.0.0.1,An address that sends outgoing signals back to the same computer for testing.4) What is Proxy Server.A proxy server is a computer that acts as a gateway between a local network (e.g., all the computersat one company or in one building) and a largerscale network such as the Internet. Proxy serversprovide increased performance and security. In some cases, they monitor employees’ use of outsideresources.5) Differentiate between FIREWALL/ANTIVIRUS.Antivirus:The prime job of an anivirus is protect your system from computer viruses. Your computer may bestandalone or part of network or connected to Internet you need an antivirus program. It activelymonitors when you are using your system for any virus threat from different sources. if it found oneit tries to clean or quarantine the virus ultimately keeping your system and data safe.Firewall:Firewall is in other hand a program which protects your system from outsider/intruder/hackerattacks. These attacks may not be virus type. In some cases hackers can take control of your systemremotely and steal your data or important information from system. If your system is directlyconnected to internet or a large network than you can install a software firewall in your PC to protect your self from unauthorized access. Firewall is available either in software or in hardware form. For asingle PC you may need a software firewall while a large corporate implements hardware firewall toprotect all of their systems from such attacks.6) Differentiate between Frond end & Back End Server.Backend server:A back end server is a computer resource that has not been exposed to the internet. In this regardthe computing resource does not directly interact with the internet user. It can also be described asa server whose main function is to store and retrieve email messages.Frontend server:A frontend server is a computer resources that has exposed to the internet.7) What is APIPA.Stands for Automatic Private IP AddressingAPIPA is a DHCP fail over mechanism for local networks. With APIPA, DHCP clients can obtain IPaddresses when DHCP servers are nonfunctional.APIPA exists in all modern versions of Windows except Windows NT.When a DHCP server fails, APIPA allocates IP addresses in the private range 169.254.0.1 to169.254.255.254.8) How Release and renew IP address from Command prompt.Ipconfig / releaseipconfig / renew9) What is wins server.Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) servers dynamically map IP addresses to computer names(NetBIOS names). This allows users to access resources by computer name instead of by IP address.If you want this computer to keep track of the names and IP addresses of other computers in yournetwork, configure this computer as a WINS server.If you do not use WINS in such a network, you cannot connect to a remote network resource byusing its NetBIOS name.10)What is the Windows Registry.The Windows Registry, usually referred to as “the registry,” is a collection of databases ofconfiguration settings in Microsoft Windows operating systems Latest Windows Server Administrator Interview Questions and Answers 11) System Volume Information (SVI) Folder.Windows XP includes a folder named System Volume Information on the root of each drive thatremains hidden from view even when you choose to show system files. It remains hidden because itis not a normally hidden folder you can say it is a Super Hidden Folder. Windows does not showsSuper Hidden Folders even when you select “Show Hidden Files.”12 ) What is MBR.Short form Master Boot Record, a small program that is executed when a computer boots up.Typically, the MBR resides on the first sector of the hard disk. The program begins the boot processby looking up the partition table to determine which partition to use for booting13) What is Bit Locker.BitLocker is an encryption feature available in Ultimate and Enterprise versions of Windows 7 andVista,To encrypt an entire drive, simply rightclick on the drive and select Turn on BitLocker from thecontext menu.14) Difference b/w sata and IDE.IDE and SATA are different types of interfaces to connect storage devices (like hard drives) to acomputer’s system bus. SATA stands for Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (or Serial ATA)and IDE is also called Parallel ATA or PATA. SATA is the newer standard and SATA drives are fasterthan PATA (IDE) drives. For many years ATA provided the most common and the least expensiveinterface for this application. But by the beginning of 2007, SATA had largely replaced IDE in allnew systems.15)Main Difference Between Windows server 2008 and 20121) New Server Manager: Create, Manage Server Groups2) HyperV Replication : The HyperV Replica feature allows you to replicate a virtual machine fromone location to another with HyperV and a network connection—and without any shared storagerequired. This is a big deal in the Microsoft world for disaster recovery, high availability and more.VMware does this, too, but the vendor charges new licensees extra for the capability.3) Expanded PowerShell Capabilities4)IIS 8.0 and IIS 7 in 20085)HyperV 3.06)PowerShell 3.016)How Long My Computer Has Been Running? Get to Know My Computer’s Uptime.Start Task manager, and select Performance tab .In performance tab we can see system up timeMethod 2: By typing systeminfo in command prompt we can find out up time of your serverIn system boot time.17)Event viewer in Windows serverControl panel Administrative tools Computer Management event ViewerThree types eventsError.Warning.Information.18) Manage Multiple, Remote Servers with Server Manager.Server Manager is a management console in Windows Server® 2012 R2 Preview and Windows Server®2012 that helps IT professionals provision and manage both local and remote Windowsbased serversfrom their desktops, without requiring either physical access to servers, or the need to enable RemoteDesktop protocol (RDP) connections to each server. Although Server Manager is available in WindowsServer 2008 R2 and Windows Server 2008, Server Manager was updated in Windows Server 2012, tosupport remote, multiserver management, and help increase the number of servers an administratorcan manage.19) What happens when we type URL in browser.First the computer looks up the destination host. If it exists in local DNS cache, it uses that information.Otherwise, DNS querying is performed until the IP address is found.Then, your browser opens a TCP connection to the destination host and sends the request according toHTTP 1.1 (or might use HTTP 1.0, but normal browsers don’t do it any more).The server looks up the required resource (if it exists) and responds using HTTP protocol, sends the datato the client (=your browser)The browser then uses HTML parser to recreate document structure which is later presented to you onscreen. If it finds references to external resources, such as pictures, css files, javascript files, these areis delivered the same way as the HTML document itself. Latest Windows Server Administrator Interview Questions and Answers DNS:-1) Define DNS .Domain Name System, DNS is an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses.Because domain names are alphabetic, they’re easier to remember.Two types of lookup in DNS.Forward lookup : it converts Domain name to ip address.Reverse lookup: it converts ip address to Domain name.Three types of zone.Primary zonesecandary zone and stub zone.what is the port no of DNS.UDP and port number 53What is NSlookup.Nslookup.exe is a commandline administrative tool for testing and troubleshooting DNS servers.This tool is installed along with the TCP/IP protocol through Control Panel.MSDOS utility that enables a user to look up an IP address of a domain or host on a network.AD ( Active Directory ):-1) What is LDAP? Why it is used.LDAP is the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. Its an active directory protocal ,Basically, it’s aprotocol used to access data from a database2) What is Active Directory? Why it used.Active Directory is a Directory Service created by Microsoft. It is included with most WindowsServer operating systems.Active Directory is primarily used to store directory objects like users and groups and computersprinters.Using Active Directory brings a number of advantages to your network,Centralized user account managementCentralized policy management (group policy)Better security management3) What Is Group Policy.Group Policy is a feature of the Microsoft Windows NT family of operating systems that control theworking environment of user accounts and computer accounts. Group Policy provides the centralizedmanagement and configuration of operating systems, applications, and users’ settings in an ActiveDirectory environment.4) What is the order in which GPOs are applied .Local Group Policy objectsite ,Domain andorganizational units.5) What is the difference between software publishing and assigning.Assign Users : The software application is advertised when the user logs on. It is installed when theuser clicks on the software application icon via the start menu, or accesses a file that has beenassociated with the software application.Assign Computers :The software application is advertised and installed when it is safe to do so, such as when the computer is next restarted.Publish to users : The software application does not appear on the start menu or desktop. Thismeans the user may not know that the software is available. The software application is madeavailable via the Add/Remove Programs option in control panel, or by clicking on a file that has beenassociated with the application. Published applications do not reinstall themselves in the event ofaccidental deletion, and it is not possible to publish to computers.6) Can I deploy nonMSI software with GPO.create the fiile in .zap extension.7) Name some GPO settings in the computer and user parts.Computer Configuration, User ConfigurationName8) Name a few benefits of using GPMC.Easy administration of all GPOs across the entire Active Directory ForestView of all GPOs in one single listBackup and restore of GPOs Migration of GPOs across different domains and forest.9) How frequently is the client policy refreshed ?90 minutes give or take.10) Where are group policies stored ?C:WindowsSystem32GroupPolicy.11) Group policy backupTo backup a single GPO, rightclick the GPO, and then click Back Up.To backup all GPOs in the domain, rightclick Group Policy Objects and click Back Up All.12) Define DSRM Mode?Directory Services Restore Mode (DSRM) is a special boot mode for repairing or recovering ActiveDirectory. It is used to log on to the computer when Active Directory has failed or needs to berestored.To manually boot in Directory Services Restore Mode, press the F8 key repeatedly. Do thisimmediately after BIOS POST screen, before the Windows logo appears. (Timing can be tricky; if theWindows logo appears you waited too long.) A text menu menu will appear. Use the up/down arrowkeys to select Directory Services Restore Mode or DS Restore Mode. Then press the Enter key.13) Where is the AD database held? What other folders are related to AD?The AD data base is stored in c:windowsntdsNTDS.DIT.14 ) Have you ever Installed AD?To Install Microsoft Active Directory:Ensure that you log on to the computer with an administrator account to perform installation.Click electing Start > Administration Tools > Server manager > Configure your Server.In the Welcome page, click Next.In the Operating system compatibility panel, click Next.On the Domain Controller Type panel, select Domain controller for a new domain and clickNext.On the Create New Domain panel, select Domain in a new forest and click Next.On the New Domain Name panel, enter the DNS suffix for your new Active Directory. Thisname will be used during Tivoli Provisioning Manager installation, so make a note of it. Click Next.On the NetBIOS Domain Name panel, enter the NetBIOS name of the domain. The first part ofthe DNS name is usually sufficient. Click Next.On the Database and Logs panel, select the desired folders for the Database and Logs.C:WindowsNTDS is the default. Click Next.On the Shared System Volume panel, enter a valid directory for the system volume.C:WindowsSysvol is the default. Click Next to continue.If you configured DNS successfully, the Permissions setting panel is displayed. Select Permissionscompatible only with Windows 2000 or Windows Server 2003. Click Next.On the Directory Services Restore Mode Administrator Password panel, enter a valid password to beused when running the Directory Services in Restore Mode. Click NextVerify the settings and Click Next to begin the Active Directory configuration. The server will berebooted as part of the process.15) What is the use of SYSVOL folderAll active directory data base security related information store in SYSVOL folder and it’s onlycreated on NTFS partition.16) What is global catalogThe Global Catalog is a database that contains all of the information pertaining to objects within alldomains in the Active Directory environment17) What is the difference between local, global and universal groupsDomain local groups assign access permissions to global domain groups for local domain resources.Global groups provide access to resources in other trusted domains. Universal groups grant access toresoures in all trusted domains.18) What is group nesting.Adding one group as a member of another group is called ‘group nesting’. This will help for easyadministration and reduced replication traffic19) What is Domain control?A domain controller (DC) is a server that handles all the security requests from other computers andservers within the Windows Server domainthere was a primary domain controller and a backup domain controller. The primary DC focused ondomain services only to avoid the possibility of a system slow down or crash due to overtasking frommanaging other functionality and security requests. In the event of a primary DC going down, abackup DC could be promoted and become the primary DC to keep the rest of the server systemsfunctioning correctly20) What is domain?A domain is a set of network resources (applications, printers, and so forth) for a group of users. Theuser needs only to log in to the domain to gain access to the resources, which may be located on anumber of different servers in the network. The ‘domain’ is simply your computer address not toconfuse with an URL. A domain address might look something like 211.170.469.21) What is Forest?A collection of one or more Active Directory domains that share a common schema, configuration,and global catalog.22) What is global catalog.The Active Directory Global Catalog is the central storage of information about objects in an ActiveDirectory forest. A Global Catalog is created automatically on the first domain controller in the firstdomain in the forest. The Domain Controller which is hosting the Global Catalog is known as aGlobal catalog server.23) What is tree.An Active Directory tree is a collection of Active Directory domains that begins at a single root andbranches out into peripheral, child domains. Domains in an Active Directory tree share the samenamespace. An Active Directory forest is a collection of Active Directory trees, similar to a real worldforest. Catalog Server.24) What is site.A Site object in Active Directory represents a geographic location that hosts networks.25) Flexable Single Master Operation Roles (FSMO)The 5 FSMO server roles:Schema Master I Forest Level | One per forestDomain Naming Master Forest Level One per forestPDC Emulator Domain Level One per domainRID Master Domain Level One per domainInfrastructure Master Domain Level One per domain26) Command to Add client to DomainNETDOM /Domain:MYDOMAIN /user:adminuser /password:apassword MEMBER MYCOMPUTER/JOINDOMAIN27) Setting File Permissions on a Folder Using Group PolicyThe setting is located under Computer Configuration, Windows Settings, Security Settings, FileSystem. Here’s the procedure:Go to the location in the Group Policy listed above.Rightclick File System.Click Add File.In the “Add a file or folder” window, select the folder (or file) for which you want the permissions tobe set, and click OK.In the security box that pops up, you can add a user or a group that needs permission to the folder.

Category: Tech Blogs

Latest Windows Server Administrator Interview Questions and Answers

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